As one of the most widely used CNC machine tools today, CNC lathes are mainly used for machining shafts, disc sleeves, and other rotating parts, and can automatically complete the cutting of inner and outer cylindrical surfaces, conical surfaces, arcs, threads, and other processes through program control. , and carry out grooving, drilling, expanding, reaming, and other work, and the CNC turning center and CNC turning and milling center developed in recent years enable more processing procedures to be completed in one clamping, improving processing quality and production. Therefore, it is especially suitable for the processing of complex-shaped rotary parts.

Features of CNC lathes

• The transmission chain is short: the movement of the CNC lathe tool holder in two directions is driven by two servo motors. The servo motor is directly connected with the lead screw to drive the movement of the tool holder. The servo motor and the lead screw can also be continuously changed according to the control command, and there is no need to use a multi-stage gear pair between it and the main shaft for speed change. With the development of the motor-wide speed regulation technology, the goal is to cancel the speed change gear-pair, and at present, it is necessary to change several speed ranges through the first gear pair. Therefore, the structure inside the headbox is much simpler than that of a conventional lathe.

• High rigidity: it matches the high-precision control of the control system, so as to adapt to high-precision processing.

• Light drag: The movement of the tool rest generally adopts a ball screw pair. In order to drag the machine lightly, the lubrication of the CNC lathe is relatively sufficient, and most of them are automatically lubricated by oil mist.

In order to improve the wear resistance of CNC lathe guide rails, steel inlaid guide rails are generally used, so that the accuracy of the machine tool can be maintained for a long time, and the service life can also be extended. In addition, the CNC lathe also has the structural characteristics of sufficient processing cooling and tight protection, and it is in a fully enclosed or semi-closed state during automatic operation. CNC lathes are generally also equipped with automatic chip removal devices.

Classification of CNC lathes

There are many kinds of CNC lathes, which can be divided into simple CNC lathes (economical CNC lathes), multi-functional CNC lathes and CNC turning centers according to the functions and mechanical composition of the CNC system.

• Simple CNC lathes (economical CNC lathes) are low-grade CNC lathes, generally controlled by a single-board computer or a single-chip computer, and the mechanical part is improved and designed based on ordinary lathes.

• Multifunctional CNC lathes are also called full-function CNC lathes. They are controlled by a special CNC system and have various structural characteristics of CNC lathes.

• The CNC turning center adds other additional coordinate axes based on the CNC lathe.

The use of CNC lathes

Turning generally completes the cutting process through workpiece rotation and tool feed. Its main processing objects are rotary parts, and the processing contents include turning the outer circle, turning the end face, cutting and turning groove, drilling the center hole, drilling, turning hole, reaming hole, countersinking, turning thread, turning conical surface, turning forming surface, knurling, and tapping, etc. However, since CNC lathes automatically complete the cutting of inner and outer cylindrical surfaces, conical surfaces, arc surfaces, end surfaces, threads, etc., CNC lathes are especially suitable for machining shafts or disc parts with complex shapes.

CNC lathes have the characteristics of flexible processing, strong versatility, can adapt to frequent changes in product varieties and specifications, and can meet the requirements of new product development and multi-variety, small-batch, and production automation, so they are widely used in machinery manufacturing, such as automobiles. Manufacturing plants, engine manufacturing plants, etc.

Conclusion

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